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ABSTRACT The incidence and clinical characteristics of NTM diseases in Brazil remain relatively unknown. The present study describes the diagnosis of NTM isolates, the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes. We analyzed NTM isolates in patients of a tertiary hospital in the Southeast region of Brazil, from January 2008 to July 2019. The ATS/IDSA criteria for diagnosis and treatment of these patients was applied. Mycobacterium kansasii were identified in 13/113 (11.5%) patients. In 59/113 (52.2%) patients who met the ATS criteria for disease, 29/59 (49.1%) received treatment, and 22/29 (75.8%) were cured. The major species identified was M. kansasii. The most frequent symptoms among the treated patients were dyspnea and cough, and the proportion of cured patients was high.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202365042

Cost analysis of GenoType® MTBDRplus and GenoType® MTBDRsl at the State Laboratory of São Paulo, Brazil
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Figueredo, Lida Jouca de Assis

; César, Aina Liz Alves

; Ferrazoli, Lucilaine

; Chimara, Erica

; Vater, Maria Claudia

; Silva, Suely Conceição Alves da

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

; Miranda, Silvana Spíndola de

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2023, Volume 56 elocation e0238-2023

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: We aimed to evaluate the costs of GenoType® MTBDRplus and MTBDRsl incurred during the diagnosis of first- and second-line drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Mean and activity-based costs of GenoType® were calculated in a referral laboratory for TB in Brazil. Results: The mean cost value and activity-based cost of GenoType® MTBDRplus were USD 19.78 and USD 35.80 and those of MTBDRsl were USD 54.25 and USD 41.85, respectively. Conclusions: The cost of GenoType® MTBDRplus was reduced owing to the high number of examinations performed and work optimization.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0238-2023

Gene-Xpert Ultra for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children and adolescents
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Aurilio, Rafaela Baroni

; Ferreira, Sidnei

; Parente, Ana Alice Amaral Ibiapina

; Sant’Anna, Maria de Fátima Pombo

; Pereira, Cláudia Stella

; Malaquias, Thiago da Silva Santos

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

; Sant’Anna, Clemax Couto

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2022, Volume 64 elocation e12

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This prospective study describes the use of Gene-Xpert Ultra for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in children and adolescents, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Eighteen patients were studied; the final diagnosis of EPTB was established in 13 (72%). Gene-Xpert Ultra results showed detection in 10/13 (77%) of EPTB cases (7 of these 10 with trace-positive results). Gene-Xpert Ultra proved to be a promising method for the diagnosis of childhood EPTB.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202264012

Clinical, laboratory, and radiographic aspects of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and dysglycemia and tuberculosis treatment outcomes
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Bezerra, André Luiz

; Moreira, Adriana da Silva Rezende

; Isidoro-Gonçalves, Lorrayne

; Lara, Carla F. dos Santos

; Amorim, Gustavo

; Silva, Elisangela C.

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

; Carvalho, Anna Cristina C.

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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2022, Volume 48 Nº 6 elocation e20210505

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação de disglicemia e características clínicas, laboratoriais e radiográficas em pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar (TBP), bem como a associação de disglicemia e desfechos do tratamento da tuberculose. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal com 140 pacientes com diagnóstico de TBP (culturas de escarro positivas para Mycobacterium tuberculosis ou resultados positivos do teste Xpert MTB/RIF em amostras de escarro). Os pacientes foram avaliados no momento do diagnóstico (M0), após dois meses de tratamento (M2) e no fim do tratamento (MFIM). Em M0, os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos: normoglicemia+TBP (NGTB); pré-diabetes mellitus+TBP (PDMTB) e diabetes mellitus+TBP (DMTB), de acordo com os níveis de hemoglobina glicada (< 5,7%, 5,7%-6,4% e ≥ 6,5%, respectivamente). Os desfechos do tratamento foram classificados em favoráveis (cura ou conclusão do tratamento) e desfavoráveis (óbito, perda de seguimento ou falência do tratamento). Resultados: Em nossa amostra, 76 pacientes (61,4%) apresentavam disglicemia, 20 (14,3%) dos quais apresentavam DM em M0. Os pacientes com disglicemia, em comparação com os do grupo NGTB, apresentaram mais frequentemente baciloscopia de escarro positiva (94,2% vs. 75,9%; p = 0,003); cavidades (80,2% vs. 63,0%; p = 0,03); lesões bilaterais (67,4% vs. 46,0%; p = 0,02) e maior mediana de terços pulmonares acometidos (3,0 vs. 2,0; p = 0,03) na radiografia de tórax. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto aos desfechos, mas a letalidade da tuberculose foi maior no grupo DMTB do que nos grupos PDMTB e NGTB (20% vs. 2,2%). Conclusões: Pacientes com TBP e disglicemia apresentaram manifestações laboratoriais e radiográficas indicativas de doença mais avançada, e o risco de óbito foi maior no grupo DMTB. Esses achados reforçam a recomendação de detecção precoce de DM em pacientes com tuberculose recém-diagnosticada, a fim de reduzir o risco de óbito durante o tratamento.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of dysglycemia with clinical, laboratory, and radiographic characteristics of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), as well as with their tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Methods: This was a longitudinal study involving 140 patients diagnosed with PTB (positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis or positive Xpert MTB/RIF results from sputum samples). Patients were evaluated at diagnosis (M0), after completing the second month of treatment (M2), and at the end of treatment (MEND). At M0, the patients were classified into three groups: normoglycemia+PTB (NGTB); pre-diabetes mellitus+PTB (PDMTB), and diabetes mellitus+PTB (DMTB), in accordance with glycated hemoglobin levels (< 5.7%, 5.7%-6.4%, and ≥ 6.5%, respectively). Treatment outcomes were classified as favorable (cure or treatment completion) and unfavorable (death, loss to follow-up, or treatment failure). Results: In our sample, 76 patients (61.4%) had dysglycemia, 20 of whom (14.3%) had DM at M0. The patients with dysglycemia, in comparison with those in the NGTB group, more frequently presented with positive sputum smear microscopy (94.2% vs. 75.9%; p = 0.003); cavities (80.2% vs. 63.0%; p = 0.03); bilateral lesions (67.4% vs. 46.0%; p = 0.02); and higher median of affected thirds of the lungs (3.0 vs. 2.0; p = 0.03) on chest radiography. No significant differences regarding outcomes were found among the groups, but tuberculosis lethality was higher in the DMTB group than in the PDMTB and NGTB groups (20% vs. 2.2%). Conclusions: PTB patients with dysglycemia had laboratory and radiographic manifestations indicative of more advanced disease, and the risk of death was higher in the DMTB group. These findings reinforce the recommendation for early screening for DM in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis in order to reduce the risk of death during treatment.

https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20210505

Fatores associados à subnotificação de casos de tuberculose multirresistente no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: relacionamento probabilístico entre sistemas de informação
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Silva, Marcela Lopes Bhering da

; Durovini, Patrícia

; Mota, Paulo

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2021, Volume 37 Nº 10 elocation e00293920

Resumo: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Neste estudo, estimou-se a proporção e os fatores associados à subnotificação da tuberculose multirresistente (TB-MDR) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, assim como a proporção de óbitos nesse grupo. Realizou-se um estudo de coorte retrospectiva, utilizando a técnica de relacionamento probabilístico entre sistemas de informação. Os casos com resultado do teste de sensibilidade às drogas (TSA) com padrão TB-MDR registrados no Sistema Gerenciador de Ambiente Laboratorial (GAL), no período 2010 a 2017, foram relacionados com casos notificados no Sistema de Tratamentos Especiais de Tuberculose (SITETB). Regressões logísticas simples e múltipla foram realizadas para estimar os fatores associados à subnotificação. Para verificar o óbito, foi realizada a busca dos casos no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e no portal do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Dos 651 casos TB-MDR no GAL, 165 não haviam sido notificados no SITETB, perfazendo uma subnotificação de 25,4% na amostra. Entre os casos subnotificados, 61 (37%) foram encontrados nos registros de óbito. Na análise múltipla, ter o exame solicitado por um hospital (OR = 2,86; IC95%: 1,72-4,73) esteve associado à subnotificação. No geral, o tempo médio entre a solicitação do exame e a liberação do resultado foi de 113 dias. Entre os casos notificados, o tempo médio entre a solicitação do exame e o início do tratamento foi de 169 dias. Diante disso, é urgente fortalecer as ações de vigilância epidemiológica na TB-MDR, estabelecer e monitorar núcleos de vigilância hospitalar e as rotinas de notificação de TB nos hospitais, rever etapas operacionais, além de unificar os diversos sistemas de informação tornando-os mais ágeis e integrados.

This study estimated the proportion of underreporting of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and associated factors in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, as well as the proportion of deaths in this group. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using probabilistic database linkage. Cases with the results of the drug sensitivity test (DST) with MDR-TB pattern recorded in the Laboratory Environment Management System (GAL) from 2010 to 2017 were linked to cases reported to the Special TB Treatments System (SITETB). Simple and multiple logistic regressions were performed to estimate factors associated with underreporting. Death was verified by search for cases in the Mortality Information System (SIM) and in the portal of the Rio de Janeiro State Court of Justice. Of the 651 cases of MDR-TB in the GAL, 165 had not been reported to the SITETB, meaning an underreporting rate of 25.4% in the sample. Among the unreported cases, 61 (37%) were identified in the death records. In the multiple analysis, the fact that the test was ordered by a hospital (OR = 2.86; 95%CI: 1.72-4.73) was associated with underreporting. Overall, the mean turnaround time between ordering the test and releasing the result was 113 days. Among reported cases, the mean time between ordering the test and initiating treatment was 169 days. The results underline the urgent need to strengthen epidemiological surveillance activities for MDR-TB, establish and monitor hospital surveillance centers and routine TB reporting in hospitals, review operational stages, and integrate various information systems to make them more agile and integrated.

En este estudio se estimó la proporción y los factores asociados a la subnotificación de la tuberculosis resistente a múltiples fármacos (TB-MDR) en el Estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, así como la proporción de óbitos en ese grupo. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva, utilizando la técnica de relación probabilística entre sistemas de información. Los casos con resultado del test de sensibilidad a las drogas (TSA) con patrón TB-MDR, registrados en el Sistema Gerenciador de Ambiente Laboratorial (GAL), en el período 2010 a 2017, se relacionaron con casos notificados en el Sistema de Tratamientos Especiales de Tuberculosis (SITETB). Se realizaron regresiones logísticas simples y múltiples para estimar los factores asociados a la subnotificación. Para verificar el óbito, se realizó la búsqueda de los casos en el Sistema de Información sobre Mortalidad (SIM) y en el portal del Tribunal de Justicia del Estado de Río de Janeiro. De los 651 casos TB-MDR en el GAL, 165 no habían sido notificados en el SITETB, lo que equivale a una subnotificación de un 25,4% en la muestra. Entre los casos subnotificados, 61 (37%) se encontraron en los registros de óbito. En el análisis múltiple, que el examen haya sido solicitado por un hospital (OR = 2,86; IC95%: 1,72-4,73) estuvo asociado a la subnotificación. En general, el tiempo medio entre la solicitud del examen y la llegada del resultado fue de 113 días. Entre los casos notificados, el tiempo medio entre la solicitud del examen y el inicio del tratamiento fue de 169 días. Ante esto, es urgente fortalecer las acciones de vigilancia epidemiológica en la TB-MDR, establecer y supervisar núcleos de vigilancia hospitalaria y las rutinas de notificación de TB en los hospitales, revisar etapas operacionales, además de unificar los diversos sistemas de información haciéndolos más ágiles e integrados.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00293920

Fatores associados à subnotificação de casos de tuberculose multirresistente no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: relacionamento probabilístico entre sistemas de informação
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Silva, Marcela Lopes Bhering da

; Durovini, Patrícia

; Mota, Paulo

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2021, Volume 37 Nº 10 elocation e00293920

Resumo: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00293920 137 downloads

Social determinants of health and catastrophic costs associated with the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
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Moreira, Adriana da Silva Rezende

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

; Carvalho, Anna Cristina Calçada

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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2020, Volume 46 Nº 5 elocation e20200015

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A relevância epidemiológica da tuberculose está diretamente relacionada ao perfil socioeconômico dos países. A vulnerabilidade à tuberculose é influenciada por fatores biológicos, como desnutrição, infecção por HIV ou faixa etária, e fatores sociais, como habitações insalubres, alta densidade demográfica, condições de trabalho inadequadas e inacessibilidade aos serviços de saúde; porém, muitas vezes essas vulnerabilidades se somam. Propomos aqui uma reflexão sobre a tuberculose sob o ponto de vista dos determinantes sociais de saúde e dos custos associados ao seu diagnóstico e tratamento, baseando-nos não somente em dados publicados na literatura internacional, mas também nas evidências já presentes no panorama nacional. Considerando a magnitude da tuberculose como doença socialmente produzida, fica evidente a necessidade de maior envolvimento de profissionais de saúde e da comunidade científica no sentido de implementar medidas operacionais e de investigação relevantes para a compreensão dos condicionantes sociais do processo saúde-doença na tuberculose. A recente crise econômica pela qual passa o Brasil contribuiu para o aumento da mortalidade por todas as causas, incluindo por tuberculose; porém, investimentos em saúde e proteção social reduziram os danos à saúde. Essas evidências reforçam a importância de políticas públicas de proteção social para a redução dos indicadores da tuberculose visando sua eliminação no Brasil.

ABSTRACT The epidemiological relevance of tuberculosis is directly related to the socioeconomic profile of a given country. Vulnerability to tuberculosis is influenced by biological factors (e.g., malnutrition, HIV infection, and age) and social factors (e.g., unhealthy housing, high population density, inappropriate working conditions, and lack of access to health services). In many cases, multiple vulnerabilities occur in conjunction. We propose here a reflection on tuberculosis from the point of view of the social determinants of health, as well as the costs associated with its diagnosis and treatment in Brazil, based not only on data in the international literature but also on evidence related to the national context. Given the magnitude of tuberculosis as a socially mediated disease, there is an evident need for greater involvement of health professionals and of the scientific community to implement relevant operational and research measures to understand the social conditions influencing the health-illness continuum for tuberculosis patients. Although the recent economic crisis in Brazil has contributed to increased mortality from all causes, including tuberculosis, health and social protection expenditures have mitigated detrimental health effects. The evidence presented here underscores the importance of public social protection policies for minimizing the effects of tuberculosis indicators, with the aim of eliminating tuberculosis in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20200015 915 downloads

Cost analysis of smear microscopy and the Xpert assay for tuberculosis diagnosis: average turnaround time
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Figueredo, Lida Jouca de Assis

; Miranda, Silvana Spíndola de

; Santos, Lucas Benício dos

; Manso, Caroline Gontijo Gonçalves

; Soares, Valéria Martins

; Alves, Suely

; Vater, Maria Cláudia

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

; Carvalho, Wânia da Silva

; Pádua, Cristiane Menezes de

; Almeida, Isabela Neves de

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2020, Volume 53 elocation e20200314

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Rapid and accurate tuberculosis detection is critical for improving patient diagnosis and decreasing tuberculosis transmission. Molecular assays can significantly increase laboratory costs; therefore, the average time and economic impact should be evaluated before implementing a new technology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost and average turnaround time of smear microscopy and Xpert assay at a university hospital. METHODS: The turnaround time and cost of the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis were calculated based on the mean cost and activity based costing (ABC). RESULTS: The average turnaround time for smear microscopy was 16.6 hours while that for Xpert was 24.1 hours. The Xpert had a mean cost of USD 17.37 with an ABC of USD 10.86, while smear microscopy had a mean cost of USD 13.31 with an ABC of USD 6.01. The sensitivity of smear microscopy was 42.9% and its specificity was 99.1%, while the Xpert assay had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The Xpert assay has high accuracy; however, the turnaround time and cost of smear microscopy were lower than those of Xpert.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0314-2020 508 downloads

The clinical and molecular diagnosis of childhood and adolescent pulmonary tuberculosis in referral centers
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Aurilio, Rafaela Baroni

; Luiz, Ronir Raggio

; Land, Marcelo Gerardin Poirot

; Cardoso, Claudete Aparecida Araújo

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

; Sant’Anna, Clemax Couto

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2020, Volume 53 elocation e20200205

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children is lower than in adults. In Brazil, the diagnosis of PTB is based on a diagnostic score system (DSS). This study aims to study the role of Xpert in children and adolescents with PTB symptoms. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 referral centers to TB. Children and adolescents (0-19 years old) whose respiratory samples were submitted to Xpert were included. Statistical analysis (bivariate and logistic regression) to assess the simultaneous influence of TB-related variables on the occurrence of Xpert detectable in TB cases was done. To evaluate the agreement or disagreement between Xpert results with acid-fast bacillus (AFB) and cultures, κ method was used (significancy level of 5%). RESULTS: Eighty-eight patients were included in the study and PTB occurred in 43 patients (49%) and Xpert was detectable in 21 patients (24%). Adolescents and positive culture results were independent predictive variables of Xpert positivity. DSS sensitivity compared with the final diagnosis of TB was 100% (95% CI, 88.1-100%), specificity was 97.2% (95% CI, 85.5-99.9%). The accuracy of the method was 98.5% (95% CI, 91.7-99.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Xpert contributed to diagnosis in 9% of patients with AFB and in culture negative cases. DSS indicated relevance for this diagnostic approach of intrathoracic TB (ITB) in reference centers for presenting data both with high sensitivity and specificity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0205-2020 354 downloads

10.

The use of Gene-Xpert MTB RIF in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in childhood and adolescence
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Aurilio, Rafaela Baroni

; Marsili, Vivian Vidal

; Malaquias, Thiago da Silva Santos

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

; Sant’Anna, Clemax Couto

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2020, Volume 53 elocation e20200104

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Gene-Xpert MTB RIF (Xpert) is based on nucleic acid amplification by real-time polymerase chain reaction, which allows for the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampin resistance. We describe the use of Xpert for extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in children and adolescents. METHODS: A case series of two reference centers in Rio de Janeiro from 2014-2019. RESULTS: The final diagnosis of EPTB was established in 11/36 (31%) patients, with five cases detectable by Xpert. For lymph node evaluation (9/11), diagnosis by Xpert occurred in 5/9 patients, all with caseous aspects. CONCLUSIONS: Xpert can facilitate the rapid diagnosis of lymph node tuberculosis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0104-2020 497 downloads

11.

Detection of Drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Strains Using Kit SIRE Nitratase®: a Multicenter Study
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Miranda, Silvana Spindola de

; Almeida, Isabela Neves de

; Mansur, Maria de Fátima Filardi Oliveira

; Figueredo, Lida Jouca de Assis

; Carvalho, Wânia da Silva

; Hadaad, João Paulo Amaral

; Diniz, Jaciara de Lourdes do Carmo Guimarães

; Groll, Andrea von

; Silva, Pedro Almeida da

; Lopes, Maria Luiza

; Santos, Marcelo Cordeiro dos

; Brito, Alexandra

; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

; Malaquias, Thiago da Silva Santos

; Croda, Julio

; Pinhata, Juliana Maira Watanabe

; Oliveira, Rosângela Siqueira de

; Chimara, Erica

; Rossetti, Maria Lúcia

; Halon, Maria Laura

; Lourenço, Maria Cristina

; Medeiros, Reginalda Ferreira de Melo

; Montes, Fátima Cristina Onofre Fandinho

; Machado, Diana

; Viveiros, Miguel

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2020, Volume 63 elocation e20190179

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract (1) Background: The Commercial Kit SIRE Nitratase® PlastLabor, is a drug susceptibility test kit used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to first-line TB treatment drugs. The present study aimed at evaluating its performance in a multicenter study. (2) Methods: To determine its accuracy, the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or the BACTECTMMGITTM960 system was used as a gold standard. (3) Results: The study revealed that the respective accuracies of the kit with 190 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates, using the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or BACTECTMMGITTM960 system as a gold standard, were 93.9% and 94.6%, 96.9% and 94.6%, 98.0% and 97.8%, and 98.0% and 98.9%, for streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol, respectively. (4) Conclusion: Thus, the kit can rapidly screen resistance to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol. Additionally, it does not require sophisticated equipment; hence, it can be easily used in the laboratories of low and middle income countries.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2020190179 905 downloads

12.

Genotype®MTBDRplus and Xpert®MTB/RIF in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and resistant tuberculosis: cost analysis in a tertiary referral hospital
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Soares, Valéria Martins

; Almeida, Isabela Neves de

; Vater, Maria Cláudia

; Alves, Suely

; Figueredo, Lida Jouca de Assis

; Scherer, Luciene

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

; Carvalho, Wânia da Silva

; Miranda, Silvana Spindola de

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2020, Volume 53 elocation e20190175

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The present study sought to assess the mean and activity based cost (ABC) of the laboratory diagnosis for tuberculosis through the application of conventional and molecular techniques-Xpert®MTB/RIF and Genotype®MTBDRplus-in a tertiary referral hospital in Brazil. METHODS: The mean cost and ABC formed the basis for the cost analysis of the TB laboratory diagnosis. RESULTS: The mean cost and ABC were US$ 4.00 and US$ 3.24, respectively, for a bacilloscopy; US$ 6.73 and US$ 5.27 for a Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture; US$ 105.42 and US$ 76.56 for a drug sensitivity test (DST)-proportions method (PM) in LJ; US$ 148.45 and US$ 136.80 for a DST-BACTECTM MGITTM 960 system; US$ 11.53 and US$ 9.89 for an Xpert®MTB/RIF; and US$ 84.21 and US$ 48.38 for a Genotype®MTBDRplus. CONCLUSIONS: The mean cost and ABC proved to be good decision-making parameters in the diagnosis of TB and MDR-TB. The effective implementation of algorithms will depend on the conditions at each location.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0175-2019 1274 downloads

13.

Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children and adolescents: comparison of two versions of the Brazilian Ministry of Health scoring system
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Carvalho, Roberta Feijó

; Carvalho, Anna Cristina Calçada

; Velarde, Luis Guillermo Coca

; Rossoni, Andrea Maciel de Oliveira

; Aurilio, Rafaela Baroni

; Sias, Selma Maria de Azevedo

; Schmidt, Christiane Mello

; Moreira, Adriana da Silva Rezende

; Martins, Pedro da Silva

; Gonçalves, Lorrayne Isidoro

; Martire, Terezinha Miceli

; Barbosa, Ana Paula Ferreira

; Santos, Ana Paula Quintanilha dos

; Romanelli, Roberta Maia de Castro

; Oliveira, Maria das Graças Rodrigues de

; Diniz, Lilian Martins Oliveira

; Carvalho, Andrea Lucchesi de

; Lucena, Sheila Cunha

; Cruz, Maria Letícia Santos

; Saavedra, Mariza Curto

; Tahan, Tony Tannous

; Rodrigues, Cristina de Oliveira

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

; Sant’Anna, Clemax Couto

; Cardoso, Claudete Aparecida Araújo

; Sant’Anna, Maria de Fátima Bazhuni Pombo

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2020, Volume 62 elocation e81

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance between two versions of the scoring system (2011 and 2019), recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children and adolescents. A retrospective descriptive study was performed to assess the medical records of children and adolescents with PTB, in TB units from Brazilian cities located in Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and Parana States, from January 1 st , 2004, to December 1 st , 2018. Patients aged 0 to 18 years old with a diagnosis of PTB were included. The comparison between the two scoring systems showed a moderate concordance according to the κ coefficient value = 0.625. Fourteen patients showed a reduction in the TB score, going from 30 points in the 2011, to 25 points or less in the 2019 one. Seventy one percent of these 14 patients had radiological changes suggestive of PTB and 86% had tuberculin skin tests greater than 10 mm. The study concluded that a moderate agreement was observed between the 2011 and 2019 scoring systems, with an increase in the number of patients scoring 25 points or less in 2019, which can eventually hinder the diagnosis of PTB.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202062081 664 downloads

14.

Predictors of mortality among intensive care unit patients coinfected with tuberculosis and HIV
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Ferreira, Marcia Danielle

; Neves, Cynthia Pessoa das

; Souza, Alexandra Brito de

; Beraldi-Magalhães, Francisco

; Migliori, Giovanni Battista

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

; Cordeiro-Santos, Marcelo

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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Abr 2018, Volume 44 Nº 2 Páginas 118 - 124

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar fatores preditores de mortalidade em pacientes da UTI coinfectados por tuberculose (TB)/HIV em Manaus (AM). Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de coorte com pacientes coinfectados por TB/HIV, com mais de 18 anos de idade e admitidos na UTI entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2014. Foram avaliadas variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e laboratoriais. Para identificar fatores preditores de mortalidade, foi empregado um modelo de riscos proporcionais de Cox. Resultados: Durante o período estudado, 120 pacientes com coinfecção por TB/HIV foram admitidos na UTI. A média de idade foi de 37,0 ± 11,7 anos. Dos 120 pacientes avaliados, 94 (78,3%) morreram; dos 94 óbitos, 62 (66,0%) ocorreram na primeira semana após a admissão. Havia dados sobre ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI) e SARA referentes a 86 e 67 pacientes, respectivamente. Dos 86, 75 (87,2%) foram submetidos a VMI, e, dos 67, 48 (71,6%) apresentaram SARA. Os fatores que se relacionaram independentemente com a mortalidade foram VMI (p = 0,002), hipoalbuminemia (p = 0,013) e contagem de CD4 < 200 células/mm3 (p = 0,002). Conclusões: Elevada mortalidade precoce foi observada em pacientes com coinfecção por TB/HIV admitidos na UTI. Os fatores preditores de mortalidade nessa população foram VMI, hipoalbuminemia e imunodepressão grave.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify factors predictive of mortality in patients admitted to the ICU with tuberculosis (TB)/HIV coinfection in the Manaus, Amazon Region. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of TB/HIV coinfected patients over 18 years of age who were admitted to an ICU in the city of Manaus, Brazil, between January of 2011 and December of 2014. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were assessed. To identify factors predictive of mortality, we employed a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: During the study period, 120 patients with TB/HIV coinfection were admitted to the ICU. The mean age was 37.0 ± 11.7 years. Of the 120 patients evaluated, 94 (78.3%) died and 62 (66.0%) of those deaths having occurred within the first week after admission. Data on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and ARDS were available for 86 and 67 patients, respectively Of those 86, 75 (87.2%) underwent IMV, and, of those 67, 48 (71.6%) presented with ARDS. The factors found to be independently associated with mortality were IMV (p = 0.002), hypoalbuminemia (p = 0.013), and CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 (p = 0.002). Conclusions: A high early mortality rate was observed among TB/HIV coinfected ICU patients. The factors predictive of mortality in this population were IMV, hypoalbuminemia, and severe immunosuppression.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37562017000000316 3224 downloads

15.

Sequential analysis as a tool for detection of amikacin ototoxicity in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
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Vasconcelos, Karla Anacleto de

; Frota, Silvana Maria Monte Coelho

; Ruffino-Netto, Antonio

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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Abr 2018, Volume 44 Nº 2 Páginas 85 - 92

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a detecção precoce de ototoxicidade causada pelo uso de amicacina numa população tratada para tuberculose multirresistente (TBMR) por meio da realização de três testes distintos: audiometria tonal liminar (ATL), audiometria de altas frequências (AAF) e pesquisa de emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção (EOAPD). Métodos: Estudo longitudinal de coorte prospectiva incluindo pacientes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 69 anos, com diagnóstico de TBMR pulmonar e que necessitaram utilizar amicacina por seis meses em seu esquema medicamentoso antituberculose pela primeira vez. A avaliação auditiva foi realizada antes do início do tratamento e depois de dois e seis meses do início do tratamento. A análise dos resultados foi realizada por meio de análise estatística sequencial. Resultados: Foram incluídos 61 pacientes, mas a população final foi constituída de 10 pacientes (7 homens e 3 mulheres), em razão da análise sequencial. Ao se comparar os valores das respostas dos testes com aqueles encontrados na avaliação basal, foram verificadas mudanças nos limiares auditivos compatíveis com ototoxicidade após dois meses de tratamento através da AAF e após seis meses de tratamento através da ATL. Entretanto, essas mudanças não foram verificadas através da pesquisa de EOAPD. Conclusões: Ao se considerar o método estatístico utilizado nessa população, é possível concluir que mudanças nos limiares auditivos foram associadas ao uso da amicacina no período de seis meses por meio de AAF e ATL e que a pesquisa de EOAPD não se mostrou eficiente na identificação dessas mudanças.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate early detection of amikacin-induced ototoxicity in a population treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), by means of three different tests: pure-tone audiometry (PTA); high-frequency audiometry (HFA); and distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) testing. Methods: This was a longitudinal prospective cohort study involving patients aged 18-69 years with a diagnosis of MDR-TB who had to receive amikacin for six months as part of their antituberculosis drug regimen for the first time. Hearing was assessed before treatment initiation and at two and six months after treatment initiation. Sequential statistics were used to analyze the results. Results: We included 61 patients, but the final population consisted of 10 patients (7 men and 3 women) because of sequential analysis. Comparison of the test results obtained at two and six months after treatment initiation with those obtained at baseline revealed that HFA at two months and PTA at six months detected hearing threshold shifts consistent with ototoxicity. However, DPOAE testing did not detect such shifts. Conclusions: The statistical method used in this study makes it possible to conclude that, over the six-month period, amikacin-associated hearing threshold shifts were detected by HFA and PTA, and that DPOAE testing was not efficient in detecting such shifts.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37562016000000312 1542 downloads

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